What is the Origin of Enteroendocrine Cell Function?

The identification of these cells and their hormonal products dates back to the early 20th century with the discovery of secretin, the first hormone ever identified. The contemporary understanding of their function is central to modern diabetology and obesity research, recognizing them as key regulators of metabolic setpoints. This clinical focus highlights the gut as the largest endocrine organ.

What is the Mechanism of Enteroendocrine Cell Function?

Enteroendocrine cells, such as L-cells and K-cells, are directly stimulated by nutrients, particularly fatty acids and carbohydrates, present in the intestinal lumen. Upon stimulation, they release hormones like Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), Peptide YY (PYY), and Cholecystokinin (CCK) into the portal circulation. These hormones then act on target tissues, including the pancreas to stimulate insulin release and the hypothalamus to signal satiety, thereby providing a rapid, feed-forward control of energy metabolism.

Enteroendocrine Cell Function

Meaning

This denotes the specialized secretory activity of the dispersed endocrine cells located throughout the gastrointestinal epithelium, which are responsible for producing and releasing a vast array of gut hormones. These cells act as chemosensors, directly translating the chemical composition of the luminal environment into systemic endocrine signals. Their function is pivotal in regulating appetite, satiety, glucose homeostasis, and pancreatic secretion.