Enterocyte Fuel refers to the primary energy substrates utilized by enterocytes, the epithelial cells lining the small and large intestines, to maintain their structural integrity and critical barrier function. The preferred fuel source for colonocytes is the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, while glutamine and glucose are also vital energy sources for small intestinal enterocytes. Adequate and appropriate fuel is paramount for supporting the high metabolic demands of these cells, which are responsible for nutrient absorption and maintaining the intestinal barrier against pathogens and toxins. Insufficient fuel can compromise gut health.
Origin
This term originates from the fields of gastroenterology, nutritional biochemistry, and cellular metabolism. “Enterocyte” is derived from the Greek enteron (intestine) and kytos (cell), denoting the primary cell type of the intestinal lining. The concept of “Fuel” highlights the specific metabolic requirements of these rapidly proliferating cells. Clinical research on intestinal failure and inflammatory bowel disease brought the unique energetic needs of enterocytes into sharp focus.
Mechanism
Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, serves as the primary energy source for colonocytes, driving ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is a crucial respiratory fuel for small intestinal enterocytes, supporting rapid cell turnover and repair. Glucose is also utilized, but the preferential use of non-glucose substrates by colonocytes helps spare glucose for systemic use. This metabolic specialization ensures epithelial homeostasis.
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