Enterobacteriaceae Overgrowth is a specific and clinically relevant form of gut dysbiosis characterized by the excessive and disproportionate proliferation of bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, which includes gram-negative organisms like Escherichia coli and Klebsiella. This microbial imbalance signifies a loss of protective diversity and a compromised intestinal environment, often leading to a state of heightened inflammatory potential. The condition is closely associated with increased intestinal permeability and subsequent systemic inflammation, profoundly impacting metabolic and hormonal health.
Origin
This term represents a diagnostic category emerging from clinical microbiology and advanced functional gut testing, identifying a distinct pattern of microbial dominance often found in conditions like Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) or general large intestine dysbiosis. The overgrowth of these gram-negative bacteria is particularly concerning because they are major producers of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent endotoxin that triggers a strong inflammatory response in the host.
Mechanism
The excessive colonization disrupts the delicate ecological balance of the gut, leading to the production of detrimental metabolites and the physical degradation of the protective mucosal barrier. The primary mechanism of harm involves the increased shedding of LPS from the outer membrane of these gram-negative bacteria. This LPS can then translocate across a compromised gut barrier into the portal and systemic circulation, where it activates immune cells and drives chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation, which is known to directly interfere with insulin sensitivity and broader endocrine signaling.
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