What is the Origin of Enteric Nervous System Signaling?

The concept arises from neurogastroenterology, where the complexity and autonomy of the gut's intrinsic nervous system were first fully appreciated. The term emphasizes the signaling pathways, acknowledging the gut as a major endocrine organ that secretes hormones and peptides influencing whole-body physiology. Its role in mental health has elevated its status in clinical wellness.

What is the Mechanism of Enteric Nervous System Signaling?

The signaling is mediated by a dense network of afferent and efferent neurons utilizing over 30 neurotransmitters, including serotonin (90% of the body's supply), which acts locally and signals to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve. Local reflexes manage motility and secretion, while enteroendocrine cells release hormones like GLP-1 and CCK in response to nutrient presence. This coordinated mechanism ensures digestive efficiency and contributes to systemic endocrine and neurological homeostasis.

Enteric Nervous System Signaling

Meaning

Enteric Nervous System Signaling refers to the intricate, bidirectional electrochemical communication within the ‘second brain,’ a vast network of neurons embedded in the gut wall that governs digestive function independently of the central nervous system. This signaling involves a complex array of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that control peristalsis, mucosal blood flow, and nutrient absorption. Furthermore, the ENS acts as a critical interface for the gut-brain axis, transmitting information regarding the microbiome, inflammation, and visceral state to the brain. This continuous dialogue profoundly impacts mood, cognition, and systemic hormonal balance.