Energy Metabolism refers to the sum total of biochemical processes that involve the breakdown of complex molecules to release energy and the synthesis of complex molecules that require energy. It is the physiological engine that manages the body’s energy balance, regulating the storage and expenditure of calories derived from macronutrients. Maintaining metabolic flexibility is crucial for hormonal health and overall vitality.
Origin
The term is a compound of ‘energy,’ from the Greek energeia meaning ‘activity,’ and ‘metabolism,’ from the Greek metabole meaning ‘change.’ The foundational concepts were established in the 19th and early 20th centuries as scientists mapped out the major pathways of nutrient breakdown and utilization. It serves as the central theme connecting nutrition, endocrinology, and exercise physiology.
Mechanism
The core mechanism is the controlled oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to generate Adenosine Triphosphate, the universal energy currency. Hormones like insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormones act as master regulators, directing cells to either store energy during periods of abundance or mobilize energy reserves during periods of fasting or demand. This intricate hormonal orchestration ensures a continuous and appropriate energy supply to all organ systems.
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