Question 1

What is the Meaning of Endothelin-1 System?

Accepted Answer

The Endothelin-1 System centers on the potent vasoconstrictor peptide Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a 21-amino acid molecule produced primarily by endothelial cells lining blood vessels. This system is a critical local regulator of vascular tone, playing a significant role in maintaining blood pressure and influencing tissue perfusion. Overactivity or dysregulation of the ET-1 system is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular and renal diseases, often contributing to chronic vasoconstriction and subsequent hypertension. Its action is balanced by vasodilators like nitric oxide, ensuring proper circulatory homeostasis.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Endothelin-1 System?

Accepted Answer

Endothelin-1 was first isolated and characterized in the late 1980s from the culture supernatants of porcine aortic endothelial cells, establishing its origin as a major endothelium-derived factor. The name combines 'endothelium,' referring to its source, with the suffix '-in,' denoting a substance or chemical, and '1' to distinguish it from related isopeptides. Its discovery revolutionized the understanding of endothelial function and local paracrine control over the circulatory system, moving beyond purely neural and systemic hormonal control.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Endothelin-1 System?

Accepted Answer

ET-1 exerts its powerful effects by binding to two main receptor subtypes on the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessel wall: Endothelin A (ET-A) and Endothelin B (ET-B) receptors. Binding to ET-A receptors predominantly triggers vasoconstriction and cell proliferation, promoting vascular remodeling. ET-B receptors, located on both endothelial and smooth muscle cells, mediate both vasoconstriction and, paradoxically, the clearance of ET-1 and the release of vasodilators like nitric oxide. The local balance of ET-1 production and receptor activation dictates the net vascular effect, which is intricately linked to fluid balance and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System.

Endothelin-1 System

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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