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Endothelial Inflammation

Meaning

Endothelial inflammation is the activation and dysfunction of the endothelium, the single layer of cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels, which serves as a critical interface between the blood and the vessel wall. This state is characterized by increased permeability, expression of adhesion molecules, and the recruitment of immune cells, marking an early and fundamental step in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In hormonal health, a decline in protective sex hormones like estrogen can exacerbate this inflammatory state, highlighting a key link between endocrinology and vascular wellness. It represents a systemic health concern.