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Endometriosis

Meaning

Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent gynecological condition where tissue similar to the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, grows outside the uterine cavity, most commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic lining. This ectopic tissue responds to the cyclical hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle, leading to localized bleeding, inflammation, and the formation of scar tissue and adhesions. Clinically, it is a significant cause of chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility, requiring a careful endocrinological and surgical approach for management. The severity of symptoms does not always correlate with the extent of the disease.