What is the Origin of Endogenous Glucose Production?

The term combines 'endogenous,' meaning originating from within an organism, with 'glucose production,' the biochemical synthesis of the primary metabolic fuel. It is a fundamental concept in endocrinology and diabetology, representing the body's inherent capacity for metabolic self-regulation. The clinical relevance of EGP is paramount in understanding glucose dysregulation states.

What is the Mechanism of Endogenous Glucose Production?

EGP is achieved primarily through two hepatic pathways: glycogenolysis, the breakdown of stored glycogen, and gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of new glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors like lactate, glycerol, and amino acids. Glucagon and cortisol are key hormones that stimulate EGP, while insulin acts as the main inhibitory signal. The balance between these hormonal inputs dictates the rate of glucose release into the circulation, preventing hypoglycemia during periods without food intake.

Endogenous Glucose Production ∞ Area

Endogenous Glucose Production

Meaning

Endogenous glucose production (EGP) is the process by which the liver, and to a lesser extent the kidneys, generates glucose internally to maintain euglycemia, especially during fasting or periods of high metabolic demand. This vital physiological process ensures a continuous supply of glucose for the brain and other obligate glucose-utilizing tissues. Precise regulation of EGP is a cornerstone of metabolic health and is tightly controlled by counter-regulatory hormones.