Endocrine decline refers to the age-related or pathological reduction in the production, secretion, or biological effectiveness of hormones by the various glands of the endocrine system. This physiological shift often results in measurable changes in circulating hormone levels and a diminished responsiveness of target tissues. It is a key factor in the aging process, contributing to changes in metabolic function, bone density, and overall vitality.
Origin
The term is a clinical descriptor combining “endocrine,” from the Greek endon (within) and krinein (to separate or secrete), with “decline,” signifying a progressive loss of vigor or function. This concept gained prominence as endocrinologists began to characterize the predictable, age-associated changes in hormone axes, such as somatopause (GH decline) and andropause/menopause (sex steroid decline). It frames aging as a process intrinsically linked to hormonal insufficiency.
Mechanism
The mechanism of decline is multifaceted, involving both glandular senescence and reduced central stimulation from the hypothalamus and pituitary. Glands may exhibit reduced capacity to synthesize precursor molecules or a lower number of secretory cells. Furthermore, target tissues can develop receptor downregulation or post-receptor signaling impairment, leading to functional hormone resistance despite seemingly adequate circulating levels. This complex interplay results in a net decrease in systemic hormonal action.
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