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Dysmenorrhea

Meaning

Dysmenorrhea is the clinical term used to describe painful menstrual periods that are severe enough to interfere with daily activities. This common gynecological condition is categorized as primary, where no underlying pelvic pathology is identified, or secondary, where pain is attributable to a specific disorder like endometriosis or uterine fibroids. Understanding the underlying hormonal and inflammatory mechanisms is key to effective management, as this symptom reflects a significant disruption in reproductive endocrine and paracrine signaling pathways.