What is the Origin of Drug Metabolism Genes?

This concept is foundational to the field of pharmacogenomics, stemming from the realization that genetic variability accounts for a significant portion of the observed differences in drug efficacy and toxicity among patients. The systematic study of these genes began with the identification of key enzyme families, such as the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily, which are central to the Phase I metabolism of most clinically used drugs.

What is the Mechanism of Drug Metabolism Genes?

These genes encode proteins that execute the two main phases of drug metabolism. Phase I enzymes, like the CYP enzymes, introduce or expose functional groups, often leading to drug inactivation or activation into a metabolite. Phase II enzymes, such as transferases, then conjugate the drug or metabolite with polar endogenous molecules, facilitating its excretion from the body. Variations in the gene sequence can result in ultra-rapid, extensive, intermediate, or poor metabolizer phenotypes, altering the effective drug concentration.

Drug Metabolism Genes ∞ Area

Drug Metabolism Genes

Meaning

A collective term for the genes that encode the enzymes, transporters, and receptors responsible for the biotransformation, distribution, and elimination of pharmacological agents within the human body. These genes dictate the rate and pathway by which drugs are processed, profoundly influencing an individual’s therapeutic response and susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. Genetic polymorphisms within this group are critical determinants of personalized medicine strategies.