What is the Origin of Drug Hypersensitivity?

The concept of hypersensitivity, or allergy, has its roots in early 20th-century immunology, describing an altered, heightened state of reactivity to a foreign substance. The term 'Drug Hypersensitivity' specifically applies this immunological framework to pharmaceutical compounds. It originates from clinical observations where certain medications provoked immune-mediated responses in susceptible individuals.

What is the Mechanism of Drug Hypersensitivity?

Drug hypersensitivity reactions are broadly categorized by the Gell and Coombs classification, involving either immediate, antibody-mediated responses (Type I, II, III) or delayed, T-cell-mediated responses (Type IV). The drug or its metabolites act as haptens, covalently binding to endogenous proteins to form immunogenic complexes. This complex triggers the activation and proliferation of specific immune cells, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and subsequent tissue damage.

Drug Hypersensitivity

Meaning

Drug Hypersensitivity represents an exaggerated, adverse reaction to a pharmaceutical agent that is clinically suggestive of an immunological mechanism. These reactions are unpredictable, distinct from pharmacological side effects, and do not correlate with the drug’s known mechanism of action or dose. The spectrum of clinical presentation ranges from mild cutaneous eruptions to severe, life-threatening systemic syndromes like anaphylaxis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Accurate diagnosis requires a thorough clinical history and sometimes specialized immunological testing.

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Can Genetic Testing Predict Adverse Reactions to Specific Peptides?

Genetic testing identifies immune variants (HLA alleles) and metabolic profiles (CYP enzymes) that predict the likelihood of adverse peptide reactions.

∞ Cytochrome P450
∞ Peptide Therapy
∞ Drug Hypersensitivity