Question 1

What is the Meaning of DIO1?

Accepted Answer

DIO1, or Deiodinase Type 1, is an essential enzyme within the human endocrine system responsible for regulating the local and systemic availability of active thyroid hormone. Specifically, this enzyme catalyzes the outer-ring deiodination of thyroxine (T4) to produce the biologically potent triiodothyronine (T3), and also catalyzes the inner-ring deiodination of T4 and T3 to produce inactive metabolites, reverse T3 (rT3) and T2, respectively. DIO1 is predominantly expressed in the liver, kidney, and thyroid gland, contributing significantly to circulating T3 levels. Its activity is a crucial determinant of overall thyroid status and metabolic rate.

Question 2

What is the Origin of DIO1?

Accepted Answer

The identification of the deiodinase enzymes was a major advance in endocrinology, recognizing that the thyroid gland's primary secretory product, T4, is largely a prohormone that requires peripheral enzymatic conversion to become metabolically active. The nomenclature DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3 distinguishes the three main deiodinase isoforms based on their tissue distribution, catalytic preferences, and physiological roles in thyroid hormone metabolism.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of DIO1?

Accepted Answer

DIO1 employs a selenocysteine residue at its active site, which is necessary for its deiodination catalytic function. Its primary mechanistic role is dual: it serves as a T3 producer via T4 outer-ring deiodination and as a T3 inactivator via inner-ring deiodination, effectively acting as a regulator of both T3 production and clearance. The balance of DIO1 activity with the other deiodinases dictates the precise tissue-specific and systemic concentration of active thyroid hormone, influencing gene transcription and cellular energy expenditure.

DIO1

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

What Are the Clinical Implications of a Low Free T3 to Reverse T3 Ratio?

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