Question 1

What is the Meaning of Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by persistently elevated blood glucose levels. This arises from inadequate insulin production, ineffective insulin utilization, or both. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia presents significant long-term health challenges.

Question 2

What is the Context of Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Within the human endocrine system, Diabetes Mellitus primarily affects pancreatic islets. Beta cells within these islets produce insulin, a hormone essential for regulating cellular glucose uptake for energy. When this system malfunctions, glucose accumulates in the bloodstream, disrupting metabolic equilibrium.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing Diabetes Mellitus is clinically vital due to its prevalence and potential for severe complications. Early diagnosis and intervention significantly reduce microvascular damage to eyes, kidneys, and nerves, alongside macrovascular diseases like heart attack and stroke. Effective management directly influences patient well-being and longevity.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Pathogenesis varies by type. Type 1 Diabetes involves autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, causing absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 Diabetes typically begins with insulin resistance, where cells inadequately respond to insulin, often compounded by progressive decline in pancreatic insulin secretion. Both lead to impaired glucose transport.

Question 5

What is the Application of Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Managing Diabetes Mellitus requires a comprehensive, individualized approach. This includes structured dietary modifications, regular physical activity, and pharmacological interventions like oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy. Consistent patient education on blood glucose self-monitoring and adherence to treatments are fundamental for successful clinical application.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Assessment and ongoing monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus utilize key laboratory measurements. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) provides baseline blood sugar. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects average blood glucose over two to three months, indicating long-term glycemic control. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and random plasma glucose measurements further aid diagnosis and management.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus carries substantial clinical risks, from acute metabolic emergencies to debilitating chronic complications. Acute risks include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). Long-term risks involve progressive organ damage, including retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and accelerated atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular events. Improper medication management can also induce dangerous hypoglycemia.

Diabetes Mellitus

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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