Question 1

What is the Meaning of Diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, resulting from either insufficient insulin production by the pancreatic beta cells or the body's ineffective use of insulin, leading to impaired glucose metabolism.

Question 2

What is the Context of Diabetes?

Accepted Answer

This condition fundamentally impacts the endocrine system, specifically the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, which are responsible for producing hormones like insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar homeostasis; disruptions here lead to systemic metabolic dysregulation.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes carries substantial clinical significance due to its widespread prevalence and potential for severe microvascular and macrovascular complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, necessitating early diagnosis and rigorous management to prevent irreversible organ damage and premature mortality.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes involves an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency, whereas Type 2 diabetes typically begins with insulin resistance, where target cells do not respond adequately to insulin, eventually progressing to impaired insulin secretion as beta cell function declines over time, both resulting in hyperglycemia.

Question 5

What is the Application of Diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Managing diabetes in clinical practice involves a multi-pronged approach, including lifestyle modifications such as dietary adjustments and regular physical activity, alongside pharmacological interventions like oral hypoglycemic agents, GLP-1 receptor agonists, or insulin therapy, tailored to the individual's specific type, glucose control, and co-morbidities.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring diabetes relies on several key metrics, primarily fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), which provides an average blood glucose level over the preceding two to three months, along with regular lipid profiles, kidney function tests, and blood pressure measurements to assess overall metabolic control and complication risk.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled diabetes poses significant health risks, including acute complications like diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and chronic complications such as end-stage renal disease, blindness, limb amputations, and increased susceptibility to infections, underscoring the critical need for consistent medical supervision and adherence to prescribed treatment regimens.

Diabetes

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

What Are the Long-Term Monitoring Strategies for GHS Therapy in Diabetes?