What is the Origin of DHEA Sulfotransferase Activity?

The term is derived from the specific steroid hormone "DHEA," the chemical reaction of "sulfation," and the enzyme class "sulfotransferase" that drives the process. The "activity" refers to the measured rate of this biochemical conversion in a clinical or research context. Its importance was recognized with the discovery of DHEA-S as the most abundant circulating adrenal steroid.

What is the Mechanism of DHEA Sulfotransferase Activity?

The SULT2A1 enzyme transfers a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the hydroxyl group at the C3 position of DHEA. This conversion creates DHEA-S, a highly water-soluble, biologically less active form that circulates at high concentrations and acts as a reservoir for DHEA and other sex steroids in peripheral tissues. The activity level is influenced by age, genetics, and thyroid status.

DHEA Sulfotransferase Activity

Meaning

The enzymatic capacity within various tissues, particularly the adrenal glands and liver, to catalyze the sulfation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into its storage and transport form, DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S). This enzymatic activity, mediated by the SULT2A1 enzyme, is a critical determinant of circulating DHEA-S levels, which are an important biomarker of adrenal function and metabolic health. It is a key step in adrenal steroidogenesis and steroid hormone metabolism.