Dendrite Atrophy describes the pathological process of degeneration, shrinkage, or loss of dendritic branches and spines on neurons within the central nervous system. Dendrites are the primary receiving antennae of the neuron, crucial for synaptic plasticity and communication. Atrophy significantly impairs the neuron’s ability to integrate information, contributing to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative processes.
Origin
This is a term from neuroanatomy and neuropathology, where “dendrite” refers to the tree-like extensions of a nerve cell, and “atrophy” denotes a wasting away or decrease in size. The concept is now critically relevant in hormonal health, as certain hormones, particularly neurosteroids and gonadal steroids, are known to exert trophic, or growth-promoting, effects on dendritic structure.
Mechanism
The atrophy is often mediated by chronic exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, which can induce structural changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Conversely, a deficiency in neurotrophic factors or key hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, reduces the signaling pathways necessary for maintaining dendritic spine density. This hormonal imbalance shifts the neurobiological state from anabolic maintenance toward catabolic degradation.
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