These are measurable physiological and neurological indicators that specifically characterize the quality and quantity of Slow-Wave Sleep (SWS), which is the deepest stage of non-REM sleep. Key bio-markers include high-amplitude, low-frequency delta brain waves measured via EEG, and the corresponding nadir in heart rate and core body temperature. Clinically, these markers are essential for assessing restorative processes like growth hormone release and cerebral clearance.
Origin
This term is derived from the convergence of sleep medicine (polysomnography) and modern biomarker science. ‘Bio-markers’ are biological indicators of a state or condition. The ‘Deep Sleep’ component refers to SWS, the third stage of non-REM sleep, which is physiologically the most restorative phase of the sleep cycle.
Mechanism
The mechanism involves the synchronized firing of neurons in the thalamus and cortex, generating the characteristic slow delta waves that physically define deep sleep. This state facilitates the pulsatile release of Growth Hormone (GH), crucial for cellular repair and regeneration. Furthermore, deep sleep is associated with increased glymphatic system activity, which is responsible for clearing metabolic waste products from the brain.
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