What is the Origin of CYP2E1?

The term CYP2E1 is part of the standardized nomenclature for Cytochrome P450 enzymes, a superfamily discovered through spectroscopic analysis in the 1960s. The abbreviation CYP stands for Cytochrome P450, while the numbers and letters denote the gene family, subfamily, and individual gene. The discovery of this particular isoform was crucial for understanding the hepatic metabolism of alcohol and other small organic solvents.

What is the Mechanism of CYP2E1?

As a monooxygenase, CYP2E1 catalyzes the insertion of one atom of oxygen into a substrate, utilizing NADPH and molecular oxygen. This process often results in the creation of more polar, water-soluble metabolites, facilitating their excretion. However, in the case of certain compounds, this oxidation can produce highly reactive and toxic intermediates, such as acetaldehyde from ethanol, contributing to cellular damage and oxidative stress.

CYP2E1 ∞ Area

CYP2E1

Meaning

CYP2E1 is a specific isoform within the Cytochrome P450 superfamily of monooxygenase enzymes, predominantly located in the liver and responsible for metabolizing a narrow range of small, volatile, and often toxic substrates. This enzyme plays a significant role in the biotransformation of compounds such as ethanol, acetone, and certain environmental procarcinogens. Its activity is clinically relevant due to its capacity to activate or detoxify substances, influencing drug efficacy and toxicity.