Question 1

What is the Meaning of CYP1A2 Enzyme?

Accepted Answer

CYP1A2 Enzyme is a specific isoform of the cytochrome P450 family of monooxygenases, which are primarily located in the liver. This enzyme plays a significant role in the phase I metabolism of numerous xenobiotics, including certain pharmaceuticals, environmental toxins, and dietary compounds like caffeine. In the context of hormonal health, CYP1A2 is also actively involved in the metabolism of endogenous hormones, specifically contributing to the breakdown and clearance of estrogens. Individual genetic variations in the gene encoding CYP1A2 can lead to distinct metabolic phenotypes, affecting drug clearance rates and the overall equilibrium of hormonal metabolites.

Question 2

What is the Origin of CYP1A2 Enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The cytochrome P450 enzyme system, to which CYP1A2 belongs, was named for its characteristic absorption peak at 450 nanometers when bound to carbon monoxide. The 'CYP' prefix denotes the gene superfamily, while '1A2' specifies the family, subfamily, and individual gene number, a standardized nomenclature used in pharmacology and genetics. This classification system was established as researchers identified the vast array of enzymes responsible for drug and toxin detoxification in the liver. Its discovery was central to understanding inter-individual variability in drug response.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of CYP1A2 Enzyme?

Accepted Answer

As a monooxygenase, the CYP1A2 enzyme catalyzes the insertion of one atom of oxygen into a substrate, typically resulting in hydroxylation or demethylation reactions. For instance, it is the primary enzyme responsible for converting caffeine into its active metabolites, and it also converts certain estrogen precursors into less active forms. This oxidative metabolism generally makes the substrate more polar and water-soluble, facilitating its subsequent phase II conjugation and eventual excretion from the body. The enzyme's activity is highly inducible by various external factors, including smoking and certain dietary constituents, which can profoundly alter metabolic rates.

CYP1A2 Enzyme

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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