What is the Origin of CYP Enzyme Polymorphism?

This concept merges genetics and pharmacology, forming the basis of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. The term originates from the discovery and characterization of the CYP superfamily of enzymes and the subsequent identification of genetic variants, or polymorphisms, within their coding sequences.

What is the Mechanism of CYP Enzyme Polymorphism?

CYP enzymes are heme-containing proteins predominantly found in the liver, functioning as the body's primary detoxification and metabolic machinery. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a CYP gene can lead to an enzyme that is either ultra-rapid, extensive (normal), intermediate, or poor in its metabolic capacity. This difference in enzyme function dictates how quickly hormones or drugs are inactivated and cleared, directly influencing their circulating concentration and biological effect at the receptor level.

CYP Enzyme Polymorphism ∞ Area

CYP Enzyme Polymorphism

Meaning

Inherited variations in the genes encoding Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, resulting in differing levels of enzyme activity among individuals. These genetic polymorphisms are responsible for a significant portion of inter-individual variability in drug metabolism and response, particularly for hormones and xenobiotics. Clinically, recognizing a patient’s CYP genotype is crucial for predicting drug efficacy and the risk of adverse drug reactions.