What is the Origin of Cortisol Stress Response?

This concept is deeply rooted in the history of endocrinology and stress physiology, notably emerging from the pioneering work of Hans Selye on the General Adaptation Syndrome, which established the HPA axis as the central coordinator of the body's reaction to stress. Cortisol, named for its synthesis in the adrenal cortex, is recognized as the key hormonal effector.

What is the Mechanism of Cortisol Stress Response?

Upon the perception of a stressor, the hypothalamus initiates the sequence by releasing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which in turn stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then travels via the circulation to the adrenal glands, triggering the rapid synthesis and subsequent release of cortisol. Cortisol exerts its systemic effects by binding to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, influencing gene transcription to increase hepatic gluconeogenesis, transiently suppress non-essential physiological functions, and ultimately facilitate the resolution of the acute stress state.

Cortisol Stress Response

Meaning

The Cortisol Stress Response is the fundamental neuroendocrine reaction of the body to perceived physical or psychological threats, centrally regulated by the intricate Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. This complex physiological cascade culminates in the prompt release of the primary glucocorticoid hormone, cortisol, from the adrenal cortex. The response is an ancient, crucial survival mechanism meticulously designed to rapidly mobilize stored energy reserves and finely modulate immune system activity when the organism faces a challenge.

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