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Cortisol Response Smokers

Meaning

Cortisol response in smokers refers to the altered dynamics of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity observed in individuals who consume tobacco products. Chronic nicotine exposure acts as a physiological stressor, leading to a persistent state of heightened or dysregulated cortisol secretion compared to non-smokers. This sustained allostatic load can manifest as an exaggerated cortisol awakening response or elevated basal cortisol levels, indicating chronic activation of the stress system. The clinical implication is a reduced capacity to manage subsequent stressors, contributing to metabolic and immune dysfunction.