What is the Origin of Cortisol Rebound?

This clinical observation originates within endocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology, specifically concerning the homeostatic regulation of the body's primary stress response system. The term rebound describes the temporary overshoot in hormonal activity after a period of induced or natural suppression. Understanding this phenomenon is critical for safely tapering HPA-suppressing medications.

What is the Mechanism of Cortisol Rebound?

The underlying mechanism involves the pituitary gland and hypothalamus sensing the withdrawal of the suppressive influence, leading to a rapid, compensatory increase in the release of ACTH and CRH. This surge overstimulates the adrenal glands, resulting in a temporary, supra-physiological release of cortisol. The body's negative feedback mechanisms eventually correct this temporary hyper-secretion, stabilizing the endocrine axis.

Cortisol Rebound

Meaning

The physiological phenomenon where cortisol levels sharply increase above baseline following the cessation or reduction of a chronic stressor or a therapeutic agent that previously suppressed the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This transient hypercortisolemia reflects the HPA axis attempting to re-establish its normal feedback loop. Clinically, this rebound can manifest as temporary symptoms of anxiety or insomnia.