What is the Origin of Cortisol-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation?

This clinical concept stems from the established pharmacological and physiological effects of glucocorticoids on intermediary metabolism, dating back to Cushing's original descriptions. The term specifically highlights the induction of metabolic problems by the stress hormone, distinguishing it from other causes of dysregulation. It reinforces the central role of the HPA axis in systemic metabolic control.

What is the Mechanism of Cortisol-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation?

High cortisol activates glucocorticoid receptors in the liver, stimulating enzymes for gluconeogenesis, resulting in hepatic glucose overproduction. Concurrently, cortisol decreases the sensitivity of peripheral tissues, particularly muscle and adipose tissue, to insulin, leading to insulin resistance. This combination of increased glucose supply and decreased cellular uptake necessitates higher insulin secretion, ultimately contributing to pancreatic beta-cell strain and hyperinsulinemia.

Cortisol-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation ∞ Area

Cortisol-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation

Meaning

Cortisol-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation is the pathological state where chronically elevated or inappropriately timed cortisol levels interfere with normal carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. This sustained hormonal imbalance shifts the body into a catabolic and gluconeogenic state, promoting the synthesis of glucose and the breakdown of muscle tissue. The clinical consequence is often characterized by central obesity, elevated blood sugar, and increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Recognizing this direct hormonal link is key to effective metabolic intervention.