The Cortisol DHEA Ratio is a calculated value representing the balance between the circulating levels of the catabolic hormone cortisol and the anabolic/precursor hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or its sulfated form, DHEA-S. This ratio serves as a critical biomarker in clinical practice, reflecting the overall anabolic-to-catabolic balance and providing insight into the functional status of the adrenal axis and the body’s allostatic load. An altered ratio can indicate chronic stress or adrenal dysfunction.
Origin
The concept arises from the necessity to assess the interplay of the two major adrenal steroid hormones, cortisol and DHEA, which are both produced by the adrenal cortex but have opposing metabolic effects. Cortisol is a primary product of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, while DHEA is an important precursor and counter-regulatory steroid. The ratio provides a more nuanced clinical picture than measuring either hormone in isolation.
Mechanism
The ratio’s significance lies in its reflection of the body’s metabolic environment. Cortisol promotes catabolism, mobilizing energy stores and suppressing immune function, while DHEA-S acts as a neurosteroid and precursor for sex hormones, promoting tissue maintenance and repair. A high ratio suggests a state of chronic stress and excessive catabolism, potentially leading to muscle wasting and immune suppression. Conversely, a balanced ratio indicates healthy adrenal function and metabolic equilibrium.
Quantifiable biomarkers like the Cortisol Awakening Response and the Cortisol:DHEA ratio offer objective, dynamic proof of successful HPA axis recalibration following lifestyle interventions.
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