What is the Origin of Cortisol and Tissue Degradation?

This physiological relationship originates in the adrenal cortex's secretion of cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone whose primary function is to regulate metabolism and suppress inflammation as part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response. The catabolic aspect is an evolutionary survival mechanism, ensuring the body has readily available amino acids and glucose during periods of starvation or extreme duress.

What is the Mechanism of Cortisol and Tissue Degradation?

The mechanism of tissue degradation involves cortisol binding to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, which subsequently alters gene expression in target cells like muscle and bone. Specifically, cortisol inhibits fibroblast activity and suppresses de novo collagen synthesis, thereby weakening connective tissue structures like ligaments and skin. Concurrently, it increases the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle, leading to enhanced muscle protein breakdown and atrophy to supply amino acids for hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Cortisol and Tissue Degradation ∞ Area

Cortisol and Tissue Degradation

Meaning

Cortisol and Tissue Degradation describes the catabolic, or tissue-breaking-down, effect of the primary stress hormone, cortisol, on structural tissues like muscle, bone, and connective tissue. While cortisol is essential for life and managing acute stress, chronically elevated levels drive a sustained breakdown of proteins and collagen, a physiological response intended to mobilize energy reserves during perceived long-term threats. This sustained catabolism significantly compromises long-term health and vitality.