What is the Origin of Cortisol and Reproduction?

The concept arises from the evolutionary biology of the stress response, where survival takes physiological precedence over reproduction. The etymological roots trace back to the Greek word kórtis for bark, relating to the adrenal cortex where cortisol is produced, and the Latin reproductio for a producing again. Clinical endocrinology recognized this axis inhibition when observing fertility suppression in individuals experiencing chronic psychological or physical stress.

What is the Mechanism of Cortisol and Reproduction?

High cortisol acts centrally by inhibiting the pulsatile release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, which is the master signal for reproductive function. This central inhibition consequently suppresses the pituitary's release of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), leading to reduced steroidogenesis in the ovaries and testes. The net effect is a state of functional hypogonadism, demonstrating the potent stress-induced shutdown of the reproductive capacity.

Cortisol and Reproduction ∞ Area

Cortisol and Reproduction

Meaning

Cortisol and Reproduction describes the critical, yet often antagonistic, interplay between the primary stress hormone, cortisol, and the complex physiological systems governing fertility and reproductive function. Elevated or dysregulated cortisol levels, a hallmark of chronic stress, can directly interfere with the delicate hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This interaction is a significant clinical consideration for patients presenting with unexplained infertility, amenorrhea, or suboptimal reproductive outcomes.