What is the Origin of Cortisol and Aldosterone?

Cortisol derives its name from the cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal gland where it is produced, reflecting its primary site of synthesis. Aldosterone originates from the term "ald-" (from aldehyde) and "-sterone," signifying its steroid structure and functional group. These terms clearly delineate their glandular source and steroid classification within endocrinology.

What is the Mechanism of Cortisol and Aldosterone?

Cortisol acts via the intracellular Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) to influence gene transcription related to gluconeogenesis and inflammation suppression, often governed by the HPA axis. Aldosterone primarily targets the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the distal nephron to promote sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, thereby influencing extracellular fluid volume. The coordinated regulation of these two hormones by ACTH and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) ensures proper stress adaptation and fluid balance.

Cortisol and Aldosterone

Meaning

Cortisol and Aldosterone are the two primary glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones, respectively, synthesized and secreted by the adrenal cortex. Cortisol manages stress response, metabolism, and immune modulation, while Aldosterone is vital for regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance, specifically sodium and potassium homeostasis. Both are critical regulators of physiological equilibrium, often assessed together to evaluate adrenal axis function.

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