What is the Origin of Coronary Vasodilation?

The term combines "coronary," referring to the heart's blood supply, and "vasodilation," from the Latin vas (vessel) and dilatare (to expand). This concept is fundamental to cardiovascular physiology and has been extensively studied in relation to endocrine influences, particularly the protective effects of sex steroids.

What is the Mechanism of Coronary Vasodilation?

This process is primarily mediated by the release of endothelial-derived factors, such as nitric oxide (NO), which diffuses into the adjacent smooth muscle cells, triggering a cascade that lowers intracellular calcium levels. Reduced calcium leads to smooth muscle relaxation, causing the vessel to dilate and decrease vascular resistance. Hormones can modulate this mechanism by influencing the expression or activity of key enzymes like endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).

Coronary Vasodilation ∞ Area

Coronary Vasodilation

Meaning

Coronary vasodilation is the physiological process involving the widening of the coronary arteries, the vessels responsible for supplying oxygenated blood directly to the myocardium, or heart muscle. This expansion of the arterial lumen results from the relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle within the arterial walls, leading to increased blood flow and improved myocardial perfusion. In the context of hormonal health, certain endogenous hormones, like estrogen, are recognized for their beneficial role in promoting this vital cardiovascular function.