Question 1

What is the Meaning of Coronary Artery Plaque?

Accepted Answer

Coronary artery plaque refers to the accumulation of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin within the inner lining of the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. This buildup, known as atherosclerosis, stiffens and narrows the arterial lumen, impeding optimal blood flow.

Question 2

What is the Context of Coronary Artery Plaque?

Accepted Answer

Within the cardiovascular system, coronary artery plaque develops specifically in the coronary arteries, which are vital for myocardial perfusion. This pathological process is a localized inflammatory response involving the endothelium, the innermost layer of the arterial wall, and progresses over time, impacting the heart's ability to function optimally.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Coronary Artery Plaque?

Accepted Answer

The presence of coronary artery plaque holds substantial clinical significance as it is the primary pathological basis for coronary artery disease, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Its progression can lead to angina, myocardial infarction, or sudden cardiac death, directly influencing patient prognosis and requiring diligent medical management.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Coronary Artery Plaque?

Accepted Answer

The mechanism of coronary artery plaque formation begins with endothelial dysfunction, often initiated by factors like elevated LDL cholesterol, hypertension, or chronic inflammation, allowing lipoproteins to penetrate the arterial wall. Macrophages then engulf these lipids, forming foam cells, which aggregate and contribute to the growing plaque, eventually leading to a fibrous cap formation and potential luminal narrowing.

Question 5

What is the Application of Coronary Artery Plaque?

Accepted Answer

In clinical practice, understanding coronary artery plaque guides diagnostic imaging, such as coronary angiography or CT angiography, to assess the extent and severity of arterial obstruction. Its management involves lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy to stabilize plaques and reduce risk factors, and revascularization procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery when significant blockages compromise myocardial blood supply.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Coronary Artery Plaque?

Accepted Answer

The presence and impact of coronary artery plaque are assessed through various metrics, including lipid panel measurements, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for inflammation, and non-invasive imaging like coronary artery calcium scoring. Symptomatic assessments, such as exercise stress tests or electrocardiograms, also provide indirect evidence of its functional consequences on cardiac performance.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Coronary Artery Plaque?

Accepted Answer

Unmanaged coronary artery plaque carries significant clinical risks, including plaque rupture leading to acute thrombosis and myocardial infarction, or progressive stenosis causing chronic stable angina. Without appropriate medical supervision and intervention, the condition can result in irreversible heart damage, heart failure, and life-threatening cardiac events, emphasizing the critical need for proactive risk factor control and treatment.

Coronary Artery Plaque

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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