A specific class of small, naturally occurring peptide molecules, most notably Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine (GHK), that possess a high affinity for binding copper ions, forming a complex like GHK-Cu. These complexes are recognized in clinical aesthetics and regenerative medicine for their potent wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and tissue remodeling properties. They are considered crucial signaling molecules involved in various dermal and extracellular matrix processes.
Origin
The discovery of GHK-Cu was made in human plasma in the 1970s, initially identified for its ability to stimulate the healing of wounds. Its application expanded into dermatology and cosmetic science as researchers elucidated its role in collagen synthesis and antioxidant defense mechanisms within the skin. The term highlights a key area of peptide therapeutics focusing on tissue repair and regeneration.
Mechanism
The GHK-Cu complex acts as a carrier for copper, delivering the essential trace element to cells, which is vital for the activity of enzymes like lysyl oxidase, crucial for collagen and elastin cross-linking. Furthermore, it modulates the expression of genes involved in skin repair, antioxidant protection, and immune function, effectively signaling the body to accelerate tissue regeneration. This biological signaling promotes the renewal of the extracellular matrix.
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