What is the Origin of Concentric Hypertrophy?

The term is derived from Greek roots: konkentros, meaning "having the same center," and hypertrophia, meaning "over-nourishment" or excessive growth. It precisely describes the inward growth pattern of the myocardial fibers, which increases the wall-to-lumen ratio. This concept originated in cardiovascular physiology to classify different patterns of ventricular remodeling in response to hemodynamic stress.

What is the Mechanism of Concentric Hypertrophy?

The primary trigger for concentric hypertrophy is chronic pressure overload, which elevates the afterload the heart must overcome during systole. This increased mechanical stress activates intracellular signaling pathways, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and various growth factors. These signals promote the synthesis of new sarcomeres in parallel to existing ones, leading to wall thickening and reduced chamber compliance, ultimately reflecting an adaptive, yet detrimental, response to persistent stress.

Concentric Hypertrophy

Meaning

A specific type of pathological cardiac remodeling characterized by an increase in the thickness of the heart muscle wall, primarily the left ventricle, without a corresponding increase in the chamber volume. This adaptation occurs when the heart is chronically subjected to a high-pressure load, such as in uncontrolled hypertension or aortic stenosis. In contrast to physiological hypertrophy, which is associated with athletic training, concentric hypertrophy often compromises the heart’s diastolic function, impairing its ability to relax and fill with blood. This structural change is a significant risk factor for heart failure and adverse cardiovascular events.