What is the Origin of COMT Gene Function?

The COMT gene was identified and characterized as part of the broader effort to understand human genetics and the enzymatic pathways involved in neurotransmitter and hormone metabolism. The enzyme's name is derived from its substrate, catechol, and its function, O-Methyltransferase.

What is the Mechanism of COMT Gene Function?

The COMT enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) to a catechol substrate, effectively deactivating the molecule. Genetic polymorphisms, such as the common Val158Met variant, can significantly reduce this enzymatic activity, leading to slower clearance of catecholamines and certain estrogen metabolites. This variation influences an individual's hormonal detoxification capacity and neurological response to stress.

COMT Gene Function ∞ Area

COMT Gene Function

Meaning

COMT Gene Function refers to the enzymatic activity of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase enzyme, which is primarily responsible for the degradation and inactivation of catecholamines, including neurotransmitters like dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, as well as catechol estrogens. This enzyme plays a critical role in regulating synaptic catecholamine levels in the prefrontal cortex, impacting mood, cognition, and stress response. Its efficiency is a major factor in estrogen metabolism, influencing hormonal balance and detoxification pathways.