This collective term denotes the specific endogenous hormones and neurosteroids that critically regulate and support cognitive function, mood stability, and neuroplasticity throughout the lifespan. Key examples include thyroid hormones, estrogens, testosterone, and DHEA, all of which influence neuronal health and neurotransmitter synthesis. Maintaining optimal levels of these hormones is essential for preserving sharp memory and executive function.
Origin
The recognition of these compounds stems from decades of endocrinology and neuroscience research, highlighting the pervasive influence of the endocrine system on central nervous system function. The term emphasizes the clinical connection between hormonal balance and mental acuity, particularly in the context of age-related cognitive decline. This area of study bridges classical endocrinology with contemporary brain health research.
Mechanism
These hormones act via binding to nuclear and membrane receptors within various brain regions, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Their mechanisms include promoting synaptogenesis, enhancing cerebral blood flow, and protecting neurons from oxidative damage and excitotoxicity. Furthermore, they influence the synthesis and degradation of key neurotransmitters, directly impacting cognitive processing speed and emotional regulation.
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