This refers to the intricate process by which electrical impulses and chemical neurotransmitters propagate across neural circuits to facilitate thought, memory, and executive function. Effective transmission relies on the integrity of neuronal structure and the balanced activity of key neurotransmitter systems. Hormonal fluctuations significantly influence the speed and clarity of this vital neurobiological communication.
Origin
The term integrates concepts from neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and cellular biology, focusing on the dynamic movement of information within the brain. It emphasizes the active, controlled relay of neural data across synapses.
Mechanism
The process involves the generation of an action potential followed by the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These chemical signals bind to post-synaptic receptors, continuing the signal. Hormones, particularly thyroid and steroid hormones, modulate the number and sensitivity of these receptors and the synthesis of the neurotransmitters, thereby regulating overall signal fidelity and cognitive output.
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