Cognitive Impairment is a clinical state characterized by a measurable and observable decline in one or more cognitive domains, such as memory, language, attention, or executive function, relative to an individual’s previous level of performance. This spectrum ranges from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), where daily function is preserved, to severe dementia, where independence is lost. Endocrine disorders, including untreated hypothyroidism, significant sex hormone deficiencies, and chronic hyperglycemia, are recognized contributors to this decline.
Origin
This is a clinical diagnostic term used in neurology and psychiatry to describe a decline in intellectual functioning. The classification of Mild Cognitive Impairment emerged in the late 20th century to identify individuals at high risk for progression to dementia, allowing for earlier intervention.
Mechanism
The underlying mechanism often involves neuroinflammation, vascular compromise, and reduced neurotrophic support, all of which are modulated by the endocrine system. Insulin resistance in the brain, a state of impaired glucose uptake, directly compromises neuronal energy supply, leading to synaptic dysfunction. Chronic high cortisol exposure due to unmitigated stress can cause hippocampal atrophy, impairing memory consolidation. Addressing these hormonal and metabolic dysregulations is a key strategy for slowing the progression of cognitive decline.
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