Quantifiable biological indicators in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or imaging that reflect the functional status of neural circuits responsible for executive functions, attention, and memory. These biomarkers provide an objective, clinical measure of mental sharpness and the absence of “brain fog,” moving beyond subjective self-reporting to assess neurophysiological health. They are critical tools for monitoring the efficacy of interventions aimed at neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement.
Origin
The term is derived from the convergence of neuroscience, endocrinology, and clinical pathology, where “biomarkers” are measurable indicators of a biological state. “Cognitive clarity” is the desired clinical outcome, representing optimal brain function. The focus on measurable biological signals arose from the need to objectively track subtle, subclinical changes in neurocognitive status that precede overt pathology.
Mechanism
These biomarkers often include measures of neurotrophic factors like Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which supports neuronal plasticity, and inflammatory markers specific to the central nervous system, such as certain interleukins or C-reactive protein. Hormonal balance, particularly that of thyroid and sex steroids, profoundly influences these markers by modulating neurotransmitter synthesis and receptor sensitivity. Monitoring these biological signals allows clinicians to assess the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and the rate of neurogenesis.
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