What is the Origin of CLOCK BMAL1 Genes?

The discovery of these core clock genes stems from decades of chronobiology research, which sought to identify the molecular components governing the body's internal timing system. The nomenclature reflects their role in regulating cycles and their initial identification in brain and muscle tissues.

What is the Mechanism of CLOCK BMAL1 Genes?

The CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer binds to E-box elements in the promoter regions of target genes, including those that regulate the negative feedback loop, such as Per and Cry. This cyclical activation and repression of transcription creates a self-sustaining oscillation of gene expression that drives circadian rhythmicity. Disruption of this core loop significantly impairs metabolic and endocrine signaling, including the rhythmic release of cortisol and growth hormone.

CLOCK BMAL1 Genes

Meaning

These are two critical genes, CLOCK (Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput) and BMAL1 (Brain and Muscle ARNT-like 1), that form the core positive regulatory loop of the mammalian circadian rhythm system. Their protein products heterodimerize to activate the transcription of other clock-controlled genes, orchestrating the 24-hour cycle of biological processes. These genes are central to synchronizing metabolism, hormone secretion, and behavior.