The cholinergic system is a critical neurotransmitter system in the central and peripheral nervous systems that utilizes acetylcholine as its primary signaling molecule. It is fundamental for numerous physiological functions, including muscle contraction, glandular secretion, cognitive processes like memory and attention, and regulation of the autonomic nervous system. This system’s integrity is closely linked to overall neurological and endocrine balance.
Origin
The term derives from the chemical name of its primary neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, which was first identified in the early 20th century. “Cholinergic” signifies “acting upon or by means of acetylcholine.” Its anatomical origin includes key nuclei in the brainstem and forebrain, as well as the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
Mechanism
Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA and released into the synaptic cleft. It binds to two classes of receptors: nicotinic and muscarinic, eliciting distinct cellular responses. Rapid termination of the signal is achieved by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This system interacts with the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, influencing the release of various hormones, particularly those related to stress and growth.
DHT blockers can influence cognitive function over time by altering neurosteroid levels and potentially disrupting cholinergic pathways, impacting memory and mood.
Testosterone therapy in women can recalibrate brain neurotransmitters, enhancing mood, motivation, and cognitive clarity by influencing dopamine and serotonin pathways.
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