What is the Origin of cGMP Pathway?

The concept of cGMP as an intracellular messenger originated from early molecular biology and endocrinology research, paralleling the discovery of its related molecule, cAMP. The term pathway describes the sequential series of molecular events initiated by an external stimulus. The 'cGMP' part refers to the molecule itself, which is derived from Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP).

What is the Mechanism of cGMP Pathway?

The cGMP pathway is typically activated when a hormone or nitric oxide (NO) binds to and stimulates guanylate cyclase, an enzyme that converts GTP into cGMP. Elevated cGMP levels then activate protein kinase G (PKG), which subsequently phosphorylates target proteins. This phosphorylation cascade ultimately leads to cellular effects, such as the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells, a primary mechanism for blood flow regulation and hormonal delivery. The process is terminated by phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, which hydrolyze cGMP back into inactive GMP.

cGMP Pathway

Meaning

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) is a critical second messenger system within cells, translating extracellular signals from hormones or neurotransmitters into specific physiological responses. This intracellular signaling cascade is essential for regulating smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation, and various aspects of cellular function across multiple organ systems. Understanding this pathway is key to comprehending mechanisms of action for certain therapeutic agents, especially those impacting cardiovascular and erectile function.

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