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Cellular Signal Transduction

Meaning

Cellular signal transduction is the fundamental process by which an external stimulus, such as a hormone or neurotransmitter, is converted into a specific, measurable cellular response. This molecular relay system allows cells to communicate with their environment and with each other, orchestrating complex physiological functions throughout the body. Effective hormonal regulation, metabolic homeostasis, and tissue repair all depend on the integrity of these signaling pathways. Impaired signal transduction can lead to widespread endocrine dysfunction.