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Cellular Sensitivity

Meaning

Cellular sensitivity, within the context of hormonal health, refers to the degree of responsiveness a target cell exhibits to a specific signaling molecule, such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. This responsiveness is dictated by the quantity and functional integrity of cell surface or intracellular receptors and the efficiency of the post-receptor signaling cascade. Optimal cellular sensitivity ensures that the body can utilize hormones effectively, even at physiological concentrations, thereby maintaining endocrine homeostasis. A reduction in this sensitivity is clinically known as resistance, exemplified by insulin resistance, which significantly impairs metabolic function.