The fundamental biological processes by which the body repairs, replaces, or renews damaged or senescent cells and tissues to maintain physiological function and structural integrity. These mechanisms are crucial for wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and overall longevity, involving complex cascades of gene expression and cell division. Declining regenerative capacity is a hallmark of biological aging and chronic disease progression.
Origin
The concept stems from the core tenets of cellular biology and developmental biology, where the capacity for tissue repair and renewal has been studied for centuries. The term “regeneration” originates from the Latin regeneratio, meaning “to be born again.” Modern endocrinology and longevity science focus on modulating these inherent mechanisms, often through hormonal and molecular signaling pathways.
Mechanism
Key processes include cellular proliferation, differentiation of stem or progenitor cells, and the removal of damaged cells via apoptosis or senescence. Hormones, growth factors, and specific cytokines act as potent regulators, binding to cell surface receptors to initiate intracellular signaling cascades. This intricate system ensures that the rate of cell turnover and replacement is balanced with the rate of cellular damage.
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