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Cellular Redox Balance

Meaning

Cellular redox balance describes the homeostatic state between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cell’s antioxidant defense mechanisms. This delicate equilibrium is fundamental for normal cellular function, signal transduction, and survival. A shift in this balance toward excess ROS constitutes oxidative stress, which can damage macromolecules like DNA, proteins, and lipids, contributing to cellular aging and pathology. Maintaining this balance is crucial because redox state directly influences gene expression and the activity of numerous metabolic enzymes. It is a core principle of cellular longevity and metabolic health.