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Cellular Receptors

Meaning

Cellular receptors are specialized protein molecules, typically located on the cell surface or within the cytoplasm or nucleus, that are designed to bind specifically to signaling molecules, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or growth factors. These receptors act as the primary communication interface for the cell, allowing it to detect and respond to changes in its external and internal environment. Binding of the signaling molecule, known as a ligand, initiates a cascade of intracellular events that ultimately alters the cell’s function, gene expression, or metabolic activity. They are fundamental components of the endocrine and nervous systems, orchestrating physiological responses across the entire organism.