The biological process involving the restoration and structural normalization of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the complex scaffolding surrounding and supporting cells within tissues. This repair is crucial for maintaining tissue elasticity, structural integrity, and proper cellular signaling, particularly in skin, bone, and connective tissues. Impaired matrix repair is a fundamental component of tissue aging and fibrotic disease.
Origin
This term is rooted in histology and cell biology, combining the Latin word cellula (small room) and matrix (womb or public register), denoting the intercellular substance. The concept of repair highlights the regenerative focus of modern clinical interventions. It underscores the importance of the environment outside the cell for overall tissue health and function.
Mechanism
Repair mechanisms involve the regulated synthesis and degradation of key ECM components, such as collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans, mediated by fibroblasts and other resident cells. Hormones, including growth factors and sex steroids, act as critical signaling molecules that up-regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, balancing turnover. Optimized repair facilitates proper tissue remodeling, reduces scar formation, and enhances mechanical strength.
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