Cellular Instruction Molecules are specific biochemical agents, often peptides, hormones, or growth factors, that carry precise signals to target cells, dictating their behavior, function, or fate. These molecules act as the body’s internal communication system, regulating processes like differentiation, proliferation, repair, and apoptosis. Their correct signaling is paramount for maintaining tissue homeostasis and orchestrating complex physiological responses.
Origin
This descriptive term is a functional classification within the broader fields of molecular biology and endocrinology. It highlights the communication role of signaling molecules, distinguishing them from purely structural or energy-providing compounds. The concept originates from the study of intercellular communication and the receptor-ligand interactions that govern all aspects of human physiology.
Mechanism
The molecules are secreted by one cell or gland and travel through the circulation to bind with high specificity to receptors on the surface or inside of a target cell. This binding event initiates a signal transduction cascade within the cell, which ultimately alters gene expression or enzyme activity. The resulting cellular response—whether it is growth, secretion, or division—is a direct execution of the instruction delivered by the specific molecule.
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