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Cellular Energy Sensor

Meaning

A Cellular Energy Sensor is a sophisticated molecular mechanism within the cell that continuously monitors and responds to fluctuations in the intracellular energy status, primarily indicated by the ratio of ATP to AMP or ADP. These sensors act as master metabolic regulators, initiating rapid, adaptive responses to maintain energy homeostasis under conditions of nutrient scarcity or high energy demand. The most well-known example is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which promotes catabolic pathways while suppressing energy-consuming anabolic processes. Optimizing the function of these sensors is a key therapeutic strategy in metabolic health, longevity, and the management of chronic disease.